Main human body organs

BRAIN Controls and coordinates all the major functions of the body. Where all the nerves meet.0

HEART Muscular organ to pump blood around the body. Contains valves to control the direction of blood flow.

TRACHEA: a tube that joins the mouth to the lungs

LARYNX: Another name for the voice box

LUNGS Gaseous exchange i) Transfers oxygen to the blood. ii) Removes carbon dioxide from the blood.

DIAPHRAGM A sheet of muscle across the body, above the abdomen but below the lungs, that enables us to breath.

BLOOD i) Transports food and oxygen to the cells.

ii) Transports waste away from the cells.

iii)Helps protect the body from infection.

iv) Helps regulate the body temperature (37C)

RED BLOOD CELLS : carry oxygen.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS: Fight disease.

ARTERIES Carry blood away from the heart.

VEINS Carry blood towards the heart.

CAPILLARIES Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to the individual cells.

LIVER Stores and regulates body chemicals

MOUTH where food enters the body. Enzymes in the saliva start digesting the food

ALIMENTARY CANAL The tube that links the mouth to the anus down which food travels.

OESOPHAGUS (gullet): the tibe that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

STOMACH Part of the alimentary canal where food is held before it is passed into the small intestine.

SMALL INTESTINE Organ where most of the digestion and food absorption of food takes place.

LARGE INTESTINE Organ where water absorption takes place.

ANUS: Where un-needed food is egested

KIDNEY i) Removes waste (urea) from the blood.

ii) Removes water from the blood and so controls the blood concentration. The urea + water form urine. The urine passes down the URETER to the bladder.

BLADDER Stores urine. Urine leaves the bladder through a tube called the URETHRA. In males the urethra leaves the body through the penis.

TESTIS Where sperms and sex hormones are made.

OVARY Where eggs/ova and female sex organs are made.

EAR Used for HEARING. Rapid changes in air pressure cause the eardrum to vibrate. The ear also controls BALANCE by making use of small tubes filled with liquid and lined with tiny hairs.

EYE Used for seeing. Contains a LENS which focuses light onto light sensitive cells found in the RETINA.

SKIN Protects the body from germs. Blood capillaries in the skin open and close to help regulate the body temperature.

SKELETON Made up of rigid BONES. Provide a framework to support the other organs. Muscles and tendons are attached to the bones to hold the skeleton in shape.

MUSCLES Cause movement. Muscles help hold the skeleton in place.
Muscles usually work in pairs (Antagonistic muscles pull in opposite directions)